LaTeX/Renkler
Yazılara renk ekleme xcolor paketi tarafından desteklenmektedir (color paketi ile değiştirir). Bu paketi kullanarak, yazıtipi rengini, yazı arkaplanı rengini, ya da sayfa arkaplanı rengini ayarlayabilirsiniz. Öntanımlı renklerden seçmek ya da kendi renklerini RGB, Hex, ya da CMYK ile tanımlamak da ayrıca mümkün. Matematiksel formüller ayrıca renklendirilebilir.
xcolor paketini eklemek
değiştirTo make use of these features, the Şablon:LaTeX/Package package must be imported. Şablon:LaTeX/Package starts from the basic facilities of the Şablon:LaTeX/Package package and extends it. Şablon:LaTeX/Usage The package allows you to use the names of 19 base colors (black, white, blue, green, yellow, red etc.); these names are always available. Besides, the package has some options to get more predefined colors, which should be added globally. Şablon:LaTeX/Parameter allows you to access more than 60 colors, and Şablon:LaTeX/Parameter allows access to about 150 colors. If you need more color names, then you may also want to look at the Şablon:LaTeX/Parameter option that offers more than 300 colors.
The Şablon:LaTeX/Parameter option allows colors to be added to tables.
Renkli yazıyı eklemek
değiştirThe simplest way to type colored text is by:
Şablon:LaTeX/Usage
where Şablon:LaTeX/Parameter is a color that was defined before by \definecolor
.
Another possible way by
Şablon:LaTeX/Usage that will switch the standard text color to the color you want. It will work until the end of the current TeX group. For example: Şablon:LaTeX/Example
The difference between
\textcolor
and
\color
is the same as that between
\texttt
and
\ttfamily
,
you can use the one you prefer. The \color
environment allows the text to run over multiple lines and other text environments whereas the text in \textcolor
must all be one paragraph and not contain other environments.
You can change the background color of the whole page by: Şablon:LaTeX/Usage
Yazılara renkli arkaplanlar ayarlamak
değiştir\colorbox{declared-color}{text
}
Eğer arkaplan rengi ve yazı rengi değiştiyse:
\colorbox{declared-color1}{\color{declared-color2}text
}
Ayrıca \fcolorbox adındaki komut da çerçeveli arkaplan renkleri yapabilir:
\fcolorbox{declared-color-frame}{declared-color-background}{text
}
Predefined colors
değiştirThe predefined color names are
black, blue, brown, cyan, darkgray, gray, green, lightgray, lime, magenta, olive, orange, pink, purple, red, teal, violet, white, yellow.
There may be other pre-defined colors on your system, but these should be available on all systems.
If you would like a color not pre-defined, you can use one of the 68 dvips colors, or define your own. These options are discussed in the following sections
The 68 standard colors known to dvips
değiştirInvoke the package with the usenames and dvipsnames option. If you are using Şablon:LaTeX/Package or Şablon:LaTeX/Package package you must declare the xcolor package before that, otherwise it will not work.
This above syntax may result in an error if you are using beamer with Şablon:LaTeX/Package. To go around it, include usenames and dvipsnames options when defining the document class.
Şablon:LaTeX/Usage
Be wary that the below color names are case-sensitive. For example, \color{olivegreen}
raises an "undefined color" error, but \color{OliveGreen}
works fine. Table can be sorted by color name, by hue, by saturation, or by lightness.
Name | Color | Hex | Hue | Saturation | Lightness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apricot | FBB982 | 27.3 | 239.2 | 190.5 | |
Aquamarine | 00B5BE | 182.8 | 255.0 | 95.0 | |
Bittersweet | C04F17 | 19.9 | 200.4 | 107.5 | |
Black | 221E1F | 0.3 | 15.9 | 32.0 | |
Blue | 2D2F92 | 238.2 | 134.8 | 95.5 | |
BlueGreen | 00B3B8 | 181.6 | 255.0 | 92.0 | |
BlueViolet | 473992 | 249.4 | 111.8 | 101.5 | |
BrickRed | B6321C | 8.6 | 187.0 | 105.0 | |
Brown | 792500 | 18.3 | 255.0 | 60.5 | |
BurntOrange | F7921D | 32.2 | 237.6 | 138.0 | |
CadetBlue | 74729A | 243.0 | 42.1 | 134.0 | |
CarnationPink | F282B4 | 333.2 | 207.0 | 186.0 | |
Cerulean | 00A2E3 | 197.2 | 255.0 | 113.5 | |
CornflowerBlue | 41B0E4 | 199.1 | 191.5 | 146.5 | |
Cyan | 00AEEF | 196.3 | 255.0 | 119.5 | |
Dandelion | FDBC42 | 39.1 | 249.7 | 159.5 | |
DarkOrchid | A4538A | 319.3 | 83.6 | 123.5 | |
Emerald | 00A99D | 175.7 | 255.0 | 84.5 | |
ForestGreen | 009B55 | 152.9 | 255.0 | 77.5 | |
Fuchsia | 8C368C | 300.0 | 113.0 | 97.0 | |
Goldenrod | FFDF42 | 49.8 | 255.0 | 160.5 | |
Gray | 949698 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 150.0 | |
Green | 00A64F | 148.6 | 255.0 | 83.0 | |
GreenYellow | DFE674 | 63.7 | 177.3 | 173.0 | |
JungleGreen | 00A99A | 174.7 | 255.0 | 84.5 | |
Lavender | F49EC4 | 333.5 | 203.1 | 201.0 | |
LimeGreen | 8DC73E | 85.4 | 140.3 | 130.5 | |
Magenta | EC008C | 324.4 | 255.0 | 118.0 | |
Mahogany | A9341F | 9.1 | 176.0 | 100.0 | |
Maroon | AF3235 | 358.6 | 141.7 | 112.5 | |
Melon | F89E7B | 16.8 | 229.3 | 185.5 | |
MidnightBlue | 006795 | 198.5 | 255.0 | 74.5 | |
Mulberry | A93C93 | 312.1 | 121.4 | 114.5 | |
NavyBlue | 006EB8 | 204.1 | 255.0 | 92.0 | |
OliveGreen | 3C8031 | 111.6 | 113.8 | 88.5 | |
Orange | F58137 | 23.4 | 230.7 | 150.0 | |
OrangeRed | ED135A | 340.5 | 218.9 | 128.0 | |
Orchid | AF72B0 | 299.0 | 71.9 | 145.0 | |
Peach | F7965A | 22.9 | 231.4 | 168.5 | |
Periwinkle | 7977B8 | 241.8 | 80.1 | 151.5 | |
PineGreen | 008B72 | 169.2 | 255.0 | 69.5 | |
Plum | 92268F | 301.7 | 149.7 | 92.0 | |
ProcessBlue | 00B0F0 | 196.0 | 255.0 | 120 | |
Purple | 99479B | 298.6 | 94.8 | 113.0 | |
RawSienna | 974006 | 24.0 | 235.5 | 78.5 | |
Red | ED1B23 | 357.7 | 217.7 | 132.0 | |
RedOrange | F26035 | 13.7 | 224.2 | 147.5 | |
RedViolet | A1246B | 325.9 | 161.8 | 98.5 | |
Rhodamine | EF559F | 331.2 | 211.1 | 162.0 | |
RoyalBlue | 0071BC | 203.9 | 255.0 | 94.0 | |
RoyalPurple | 613F99 | 262.7 | 106.3 | 108.0 | |
RubineRed | ED017D | 328.5 | 252.9 | 119.0 | |
Salmon | F69289 | 5.0 | 218.9 | 191.5 | |
SeaGreen | 3FBC9D | 165.1 | 127.0 | 125.5 | |
Sepia | 671800 | 14.0 | 255.0 | 51.5 | |
SkyBlue | 46C5DD | 189.5 | 175.8 | 145.5 | |
SpringGreen | C6DC67 | 71.3 | 159.5 | 161.5 | |
Tan | DA9D76 | 23.4 | 146.6 | 168.0 | |
TealBlue | 00AEB3 | 181.7 | 255.0 | 89.5 | |
Thistle | D883B7 | 323.3 | 133.0 | 173.5 | |
Turquoise | 00B4CE | 187.6 | 255.0 | 103.0 | |
Violet | 58429B | 254.8 | 102.7 | 110.5 | |
VioletRed | EF58A0 | 331.4 | 210.4 | 163.5 | |
White | FFFFFF | 0.1 | 0.0 | 255.0 | |
WildStrawberry | EE2967 | 341.1 | 217.5 | 139.5 | |
Yellow | FFF200 | 56.9 | 255.0 | 127.5 | |
YellowGreen | 98CC70 | 93.9 | 120.9 | 158.0 | |
YellowOrange | FAA21A | 36.4 | 244.1 | 138.0 |
Defining new colors
değiştirIf the predefined colors are not adequate, you may wish to define your own.
Place
değiştirDefine the colors in the preamble of your document. (Reason: do so in the preamble, so that you can already refer to them in the preamble, which is useful, for instance, in an argument of another package that supports colors as arguments, such as the listings package.)
Method
değiştirYou need to include the Şablon:LaTeX/Package package in your preamble to define new colors. In the abstract, the colors are defined following this scheme:
where:
- name is the name of the color; you can call it as you like
- model is the way you describe the color, and is one of gray, rgb, RGB, HTML, and cmyk.
- color-spec is the description of the color
Color Models
değiştirAmong the models you can use to describe the color are the following (several more are described in the xcolor manual):
Model | Description | Color Specification | Example |
---|---|---|---|
gray | Shades of gray (0-1) |
Just one number between 0 (black) and 1 (white), so 0.95 will be very light gray, 0.30 will be dark gray. | \definecolor{light-gray}{gray}{0.95} |
rgb | Red, Green, Blue (0-1) |
Three numbers given in the form red,green,blue; the quantity of each color is represented with a number between 0 and 1. | \definecolor{orange}{rgb}{1,0.5,0} |
RGB | Red, Green, Blue (0-255) |
Three numbers given in the form red,green,blue; the quantity of each color is represented with a number between 0 and 255. | \definecolor{orange}{RGB}{255,127,0} |
HTML | Red, Green, Blue (00-FF) |
Six hexadecimal numbers given in the form RRGGBB; similar to what is used in HTML. | \definecolor{orange}{HTML}{FF7F00} |
cmyk | Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black (0-1) |
Four numbers given in the form cyan,magenta,yellow,black; the quantity of each color is represented with a number between 0 and 1. | \definecolor{orange}{cmyk}{0,0.5,1,0} |
Examples
değiştirTo define a new color, follow the following example, which defines orange for you, by setting the red to the maximum, the green to one half (0.5), and the blue to the minimum:
The following code should give a similar results to the last code chunk.
If you loaded the Şablon:LaTeX/Package package, you can define colors upon previously defined ones.
The first specifies 20 percent blue and 80 percent white; the second is a mixture of 20 percent blue and 80 percent black; and the last one is a mixture of (20*0.3) percent blue, ((100-20)*0.3) percent black and (100-30) percent green.
Şablon:LaTeX/Package also features a handy command to define colors from color mixes:
Using color specifications directly
değiştirNormally one would predeclare all the colors as above, but sometimes it is convenient to directly use a color without naming it first. To achieve this,
\color
and
\textcolor
have an alternative syntax specifying the model in square brackets, and the color specification in curly braces. For example:
Creating / Capturing colors
değiştirYou may want to use colors that appear on another document, web pages, pictures, etc. Alternatively, you may want to play around with rgb values to create your own custom colors.
Image processing suites like the free GIMP suite for Linux/Windows/Mac offer color picker facilities to capture any color on your screen or synthesize colors directly from their respective rgb / hsv / hexadecimal values.
Smaller, free utilities also exist:
- Linux/BSD: The gcolor2 tool (usually also available in repositories)
- Linux/BSD: in newer systems you may want to use gcolor3 tool (usually also available in repositories)
- Microsoft Windows: The open-source Color Selector tool.
- Apple Macs: Hex Color Picker for creating custom colors and the built-in DigitalColor Meter for capturing colors on screen.
- Online utilities: See here for a Wikipedia article with several external links
Spot colors
değiştirSpot colors are customary in printing. They usually refer to pre-mixed inks based on a swatchbook (like Pantone, TruMatch or Toyo). The package Şablon:LaTeX/Package extends xcolor to provide real spot colors (CMYK and CIELAB). They are defined with, say:
Kaynakça
değiştir